Výzkum a vývoj kompozitních multifunkčních materiálů pro udržitelný rozvoj

SP2023/034

The project will be executed in 3 work packages marked as WP1, WP2 and WP3. The contents of those packages are linked in such a way that the planned research activities are complement each other and lead to a successful solution to the project. Research within WP1 Within WP1, different types of composites marked as I-IV will be studied. Type I – Organic composite. Hybrid composite materials will be created using the intercalation of selected clay minerals, e.g. montmorillonite, with quaternary organic cations. These materials will serve for the adsorption of environmentally significant substances from the aqueous environment. Other tested composites will be the materials obtained in WP3. Type II – Adsorbent/semiconductor. These combine adsorptive and photocatalytic properties. Multifunctional materials based on graphitic C3N4 will be synthesized and their photocatalytic activity will be tested using environmentally significant substances. Furthermore, 2D covalent organic lattices similar to graphitic C3N4 will be synthesized. The research will also include the preparation and characterization of photoactive nanomaterials ZnS and kaolinite/ZnS. Type III – Nanofibrous composite. Thin films of hyaluronic acid derivatives will be prepared and a nanofibrous layer based on native hyaluronic acid will be applied to them. Furthermore, the influence of the composition and post-process modifications of the nanofibrous layers from the hyaluronic acid derivative on the release profile of the incorporated substances into the environment of real application during wound healing will be investigated. Type IV – Inorganic composite. The rheological properties of composite systems of mixtures of inorganic oxides will be studied, including the dependence of dynamic viscosity on temperature and chemical composition, then these systems will be compared. The aim of the research will be to understand the behaviour of individual inorganic composites and to find suitable theoretical models to describe the experimental data. Research within WP2 WP2 is linked to WP1 and WP3 and provides them with support in the field of prediction of material preparation processes and characterization of prepared materials, especially by the methods of thermal and electrochemical analysis. Within WP1, the composite materials are prepared, the synthesis of which is very often carried out using calcination procedures. Within the framework of WP3, calcination procedures are mainly used for the treatment of studied industrial wastes. To clarify the processes taking place during calcinations, but also during processes that themselves are sources of heat, such as grinding, it is desirable to use thermal analysis methods. Advanced SW products, that enable thermodynamic and kinetic calculations, can also be used to elucidate ongoing chemical reactions and phase transformations, and their results can be used to predict the nature of the final product of calcination processes and also to describe ongoing events. Advanced methods of electrochemical analysis will enable the acquisition of data necessary to understand the function of photocatalytically active composites prepared within WP1 and also to indicate the potential of the samples prepared within WP1 and WP2 as materials for batteries and supercapacitors. Other activities of WP2 fall into the field of studying special inorganic materials (metal alloys and oxide mixtures) and organic materials (energy materials) using the mentioned methods with the aim of describing in particular the thermophysical behaviour of these materials and understanding the processes taking place during heating/cooling in a wide temperature range (-180 up to 2000 °C). Research within WP3 WP3 is focused on finding an effective method of processing scale and dust from metallurgical technologies and further processing of slag. For research into the processing of these materials, the common attribute will be the iron content and the effort to use it in different forms and in different applications. A high level of material utilization of waste and secondary raw materials is crucial in terms of achieving sustainable development. Heat treatment of scale and dust enables the material to rid itself of organic residues and to further modify the phase composition of an inorganic residue. The project will focus on methods of heat treatment of the mentioned materials and on changing the granulometry of particles in such a way that it will be possible to prepare pigments from originally waste materials. Part of the research will be a follow-up experiment verifying the use of prepared pigments as a colouring component in glazes for modifying the surfaces of ceramic shards. Another component of interest – the slags – will be subjected to mechanical processing operations – grinding and other forms of mechanical separation of particles in order to separate a magnetically separable part containing iron as much as possible from the ballast component. The enriched residue can be put to good use as a metal carrier in metallurgy. The iron-depleted part can be used in the preparation of binder systems. The process of yielding the metal-bearing part will be intensified by heat treatment. In the area of calcination processes, the research plan will mainly cooperate with WP2, and at the same time, possibilities will be sought for how individual materials after the phase composition adjustment process can be used for the preparation of composite materials within WP1. For WP3, the key solution techniques will be chemical and phase analysis methods and calcination processes.

2023

2023

Ministerstvo školství, mládeže a tělovýchovy

SGS

Specifický výzkum VŠB-TUO

Praus Petr prof. Ing., Ph.D.